What percentage of India's total primary energy is met by imports?

• A. 5%
• B. 60%
• C. 90%
• D. 45%

Answer: (D)

The idea being tested is how much of India’s total primary energy supply comes from imports. Total primary energy supply (TPES) includes all energy available in the economy from domestic production plus imports, before any conversions. In India, domestic coal production provides a large share of TPES, while imports supply a substantial but smaller portion, mainly in the form of crude oil and natural gas. Taken together, imports account for about 45% of TPES, which is why that option is the best fit. The other percentages would imply an almost entirely import-dependent or largely self-sufficient energy system, which doesn’t reflect India’s energy mix where coal remains a major domestic source.